BDO, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 1,4-butanediol, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha organic ndi mankhwala abwino. BDO ikhoza kukonzedwa kudzera mu njira ya acetylene aldehyde, njira ya maleic anhydride, njira ya mowa wa propylene, ndi njira ya butadiene. Njira ya acetylene aldehyde ndiyo njira yayikulu yamafakitale yokonzekera BDO chifukwa cha mtengo wake komanso phindu lake. Acetylene ndi formaldehyde amayamba kufupikitsidwa kuti apange 1,4-butynediol (BYD), yomwe imapangidwanso ndi hydrogenated kuti ipeze BDO.
Pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri (13.8 ~ 27.6 MPa) ndi mikhalidwe ya 250 ~ 350 ℃, acetylene imakhudzidwa ndi formaldehyde pamaso pa chothandizira (nthawi zambiri cuprous acetylene ndi bismuth pa chithandizo cha silika), ndiyeno 1,4-butynediol wapakatikati ndi hydrogenated. ku BDO pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha Raney nickel. Makhalidwe a njira yachikale ndi yakuti chothandizira ndi mankhwala siziyenera kupatukana, ndipo mtengo wogwira ntchito ndi wotsika. Komabe, acetylene imakhala ndi kupanikizika pang'ono komanso chiopsezo cha kuphulika. Chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka riyakitala ndi nthawi 12-20, ndipo zida ndi zazikulu komanso zodula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri; Acetylene imapanga polymerize kuti ipange polyacetylene, yomwe imalepheretsa chothandizira ndikutsekereza payipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kafupikitsidwe ndikuchepa.
Poyankha zolakwa ndi zofooka za njira zachikhalidwe, zida zomwe zimapangidwira komanso zoyambitsa machitidwe amachitidwe zidakonzedwa kuti zichepetse kuthamanga kwa acetylene mumayendedwe. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, kaphatikizidwe ka BYD kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito bedi la matope kapena bedi loyimitsidwa. Njira ya acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation imapanga BDO, ndipo pakali pano njira za ISP ndi INVISTA ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China.
① Kaphatikizidwe ka butynediol kuchokera ku acetylene ndi formaldehyde pogwiritsa ntchito copper carbonate catalyst
Yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku gawo la mankhwala a acetylene la ndondomeko ya BDO ku INVIDIA, formaldehyde imakhudzidwa ndi acetylene kuti ipange 1,4-butynediol pansi pa zochita za copper carbonate catalyst. The kutentha anachita ndi 83-94 ℃, ndi kuthamanga ndi 25-40 kPa. Chothandizira chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ufa wobiriwira.
② Chothandizira cha hydrogenation cha butynediol kupita ku BDO
The hydrogenation gawo la ndondomeko tichipeza awiri mkulu-anzanu zokhazikika bedi reactors olumikizidwa mu mndandanda, ndi 99% ya zochita hydrogenation anamaliza woyamba riyakitala. Yoyamba ndi yachiwiri hydrogenation chothandizira ndi adamulowetsa nickel zotayidwa aloyi.
Fixed bed Renee nickel ndi nickel aluminium alloy block yokhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuyambira 2-10mm, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kuvala bwino, malo akulu enieni, kukhazikika kothandizira, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
Unactivated anakonza bedi Raney faifi tambala particles ndi imvi woyera, ndipo pambuyo ndende ya madzi zamchere leaching, iwo amakhala wakuda kapena wakuda imvi particles, makamaka ntchito atathana bedi reactors.
① Mkuwa wothandizira wothandizira pakupanga kwa butynediol kuchokera ku acetylene ndi formaldehyde
Mothandizidwa ndi copper bismuth catalyst, formaldehyde imakhudzidwa ndi acetylene kupanga 1,4-butynediol, pa kutentha kwa 92-100 ℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa 85-106 kPa. Chothandizira chikuwoneka ngati ufa wakuda.
② Chothandizira cha hydrogenation cha butynediol kupita ku BDO
Njira ya ISP imatenga magawo awiri a hydrogenation. Gawo loyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito faifi ya faifi tambala zotayidwa ngati chothandizira, ndipo otsika-pressure hydrogenation amasintha BYD kukhala BED ndi BDO. Pambuyo pa kulekana, gawo lachiwiri ndi kukwera kwa hydrogenation pogwiritsa ntchito nickel yodzaza ngati chothandizira kutembenuza BED kukhala BDO.
Chothandizira choyambirira cha hydrogenation: chothandizira cha ufa cha Raney nickel
Chothandizira choyambirira cha hydrogenation: Powder Raney nickel catalyst. Chothandizira ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu gawo lotsika la hydrogenation la ndondomeko ya ISP, pokonzekera zinthu za BDO. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe a ntchito mkulu, selectivity wabwino, kutembenuka mlingo, ndi kudya okhazikika liwiro. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi faifi tambala, aluminiyamu, ndi molybdenum.
Chothandizira choyambirira cha hydrogenation: ufa nickel aluminiyamu alloy hydrogenation chothandizira
Chothandizira chimafuna ntchito zambiri, mphamvu zambiri, kutembenuka kwakukulu kwa 1,4-butynediol, ndi zochepa zopangira.
Secondary hydrogenation chothandizira
Ndi chothandizira chothandizira ndi alumina monga chonyamulira ndi faifi tambala ndi mkuwa monga zigawo zogwira ntchito. Mkhalidwe wochepetsedwa umasungidwa m'madzi. Chothandiziracho chimakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kutayika kwachangu, kukhazikika kwamankhwala abwino, ndipo ndikosavuta kuyambitsa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati clover.
Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Ma Catalysts
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa BYD kupanga BDO kudzera mu chothandizira cha hydrogenation, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku 100000 ton BDO unit. Ma seti awiri a ma rectors a bedi osasunthika akugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, imodzi ndi JHG-20308, ndipo ina imatumizidwa kuchokera kunja.
Kuwunika: Pakuwunika kwa ufa wabwino, zidapezeka kuti chothandizira chapabedi chokhazikika cha JHG-20308 chinapanga ufa wocheperako kuposa chothandizira chochokera kunja.
Kutsegula: Kutsegulira kwa Catalyst Kutsiliza: Mikhalidwe yotsegulira ya zothandizira ziwirizi ndi yofanana. Kuchokera pazidziwitso, kuchuluka kwa dealumination, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kutentha kusiyana, ndi activation reaction reaction heat release of the alloy at each stage of activation ndi zogwirizana kwambiri.
Kutentha: Zomwe kutentha kwa JHG-20308 chothandizira sikusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, koma malinga ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, chothandizira cha JHG-20308 chili ndi ntchito yabwino kuposa chothandizira chochokera kunja.
Zodetsedwa: Kuchokera pazomwe zidadziwika za BDO crude solution itangoyamba kumene, JHG-20308 ili ndi zonyansa zochepera pang'ono pazomwe zamalizidwa poyerekeza ndi zotulutsa kunja, zomwe zimawonetsedwa makamaka mu n-butanol ndi HBA.
Ponseponse, magwiridwe antchito a chothandizira cha JHG-20308 ndi okhazikika, opanda zotulukapo zowonekera bwino, ndipo magwiridwe ake ndi ofanana kapena abwinopo kuposa momwe amapangira zotengera kunja.
Njira yopangira chothandizira cha nickel aluminium catalyst
(1) Kusungunula: Aluminiyamu ya nickel imasungunuka pa kutentha kwakukulu kenako imapangidwa.
(2) Kuphwanya: Ma alloy midadada amaphwanyidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono kudzera mu zida zophwanya.
(3) Kuwunika: Kuwunika tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
(4) kutsegula: Control ena ndende ndi otaya mlingo wa madzi zamchere kuti yambitsa ndi particles mu anachita nsanja.
(5) kuyendera zizindikiro: zitsulo zili, tinthu kukula kugawa, compressive kuphwanya mphamvu, kachulukidwe chochuluka, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-11-2023
