BDO, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 1,4-butanediol, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chachilengedwe komanso chachilengedwe. BDO ikhoza kukonzedwa kudzera mu njira ya acetylene aldehyde, njira ya maleic anhydride, njira ya propylene alcohol, ndi njira ya butadiene. Njira ya acetylene aldehyde ndiyo njira yayikulu yamafakitale yokonzekera BDO chifukwa cha mtengo wake komanso ubwino wake. Acetylene ndi formaldehyde poyamba zimafupikitsidwa kuti zipange 1,4-butynediol (BYD), yomwe imawonjezeredwa hydrogenated kuti ipange BDO.
Pakapanikizika kwambiri (13.8~27.6 MPa) ndi mikhalidwe ya 250~350 ℃, acetylene imayanjanitsidwa ndi formaldehyde pamaso pa chothandizira (nthawi zambiri acetylene yokhala ndi cuprous ndi bismuth pa silika support), kenako 1,4-butynediol yapakatikati imasinthidwa kukhala hydrogenated kukhala BDO pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha Raney nickel. Khalidwe la njira yakale ndilakuti chothandizira ndi chinthucho sizifunika kulekanitsidwa, ndipo mtengo wogwirira ntchito ndi wotsika. Komabe, acetylene ili ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu komanso chiopsezo cha kuphulika. Chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka reactor ndi chokwera nthawi 12-20, ndipo zidazo ndi zazikulu komanso zodula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito; Acetylene imapanga polyacetylene kuti ipange polyacetylene, yomwe imaletsa chothandizira ndikutseka payipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yopangira ifupikitsidwe komanso kuti ntchito ichepe.
Poyankha zofooka ndi zofooka za njira zachikhalidwe, zida zoyankhira ndi zoyambitsa za dongosolo la reaction zinakonzedwa bwino kuti zichepetse kupanikizika pang'ono kwa acetylene mu dongosolo la reaction. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanga BYD kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito sludge bed kapena suspend bed. Njira ya acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation imapanga BDO, ndipo pakadali pano njira za ISP ndi INVISTA ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China.
① Kupanga kwa butynediol kuchokera ku acetylene ndi formaldehyde pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha copper carbonate
Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la mankhwala a acetylene mu njira ya BDO mu INVIDIA, formaldehyde imachitapo kanthu ndi acetylene kuti ipange 1,4-butynediol pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha copper carbonate. Kutentha kwa reaction ndi 83-94 ℃, ndipo kuthamanga ndi 25-40 kPa. Chothandizirachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira a ufa.
② Chothandizira kusintha kwa hydrogenation ya butynediol kukhala BDO
Gawo la hydrogenation la ndondomekoyi lili ndi ma reactor awiri okhazikika okhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu omwe amalumikizidwa motsatizana, ndipo 99% ya ma reaction a hydrogenation amamalizidwa mu reactor yoyamba. Ma catalyst oyamba ndi achiwiri a hydrogenation ndi ma alloy a aluminiyamu a nickel omwe amayatsidwa.
Bedi lokhazikika Renee nickel ndi chipika cha aluminiyamu cha nickel chokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuyambira 2-10mm, champhamvu kwambiri, cholimba bwino, malo akuluakulu, chokhazikika bwino cha catalyst, komanso chokhala ndi moyo wautali.
Tinthu ta Raney nickel tomwe sitinagwiritsidwe ntchito timakhala toyera ngati imvi, ndipo titatha kutulutsa madzi a alkali, timakhala tinthu takuda kapena takuda, tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma reactors okhazikika.
① Chothandizira cha mkuwa chomwe chimathandizira kupanga butynediol kuchokera ku acetylene ndi formaldehyde
Pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha mkuwa cha bismuth, formaldehyde imachitapo kanthu ndi acetylene kuti ipange 1,4-butynediol, kutentha kwa reaction kwa 92-100 ℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa 85-106 kPa. Chothandiziracho chimawoneka ngati ufa wakuda.
② Chothandizira kusintha kwa hydrogenation ya butynediol kukhala BDO
Njira ya ISP imagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri a hydrogenation. Gawo loyamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa nickel aluminiyamu ngati chothandizira, ndipo hydrogenation yotsika mphamvu imasintha BYD kukhala BED ndi BDO. Pambuyo polekanitsa, gawo lachiwiri ndi hydrogenation yothamanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nickel yodzaza ngati chothandizira kusintha BED kukhala BDO.
Chothandizira chachikulu cha hydrogenation: ufa wa Raney nickel chothandizira
Chothandizira chachikulu cha hydrogenation: Powder Raney nickel catalyst. Chothandizira ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu gawo la hydrogenation lotsika la njira ya ISP, pokonzekera zinthu za BDO. Chili ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito yayikulu, kusankha bwino, kusintha kwachangu, komanso liwiro lokhazikika mwachangu. Zigawo zazikulu ndi nickel, aluminiyamu, ndi molybdenum.
Chothandizira chachikulu cha hydrogenation: ufa wa nickel alloy aluminiyamu hydrogenation chothandizira
Chothandizirachi chimafuna ntchito yambiri, mphamvu zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa 1,4-butynediol, komanso zochepa zomwe zimapangidwa.
Chothandizira chachiwiri cha hydrogenation
Ndi chothandizira chothandizidwa ndi alumina ngati chonyamulira ndipo nickel ndi mkuwa ngati zinthu zogwira ntchito. Kuchepa kwa zinthuzo kumasungidwa m'madzi. Chothandizirachi chili ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko, kutayika kochepa kwa kukangana, kukhazikika bwino kwa mankhwala, ndipo n'kosavuta kuyambitsa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono takuda tooneka ngati clover timaoneka.
Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito ya Catalysts
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa BYD kupanga BDO kudzera mu catalyst hydrogenation, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku BDO unit ya matani 100000. Ma seti awiri a ma fixed bed reactors akugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, imodzi ndi JHG-20308, ndipo inayo ndi catalyst yochokera kunja.
Kuwunika: Pa nthawi yowunika ufa wosalala, zidapezeka kuti chothandizira cha JHG-20308 chokhazikika chimapanga ufa wosalala wochepa poyerekeza ndi chothandizira chochokera kunja.
Kuyambitsa: Catalyst Kuyambitsa Kutsiriza: Mikhalidwe yoyambitsa ya ma catalyst awiriwa ndi yofanana. Kuchokera ku deta, kuchuluka kwa dealumination, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa kulowa ndi kutuluka, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kutentha kwa alloy pa gawo lililonse la kuyambitsa ndizofanana kwambiri.
Kutentha: Kutentha kwa chothandizira cha JHG-20308 sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa chothandizira chochokera kunja, koma malinga ndi mfundo zoyezera kutentha, chothandizira cha JHG-20308 chili ndi ntchito yabwino kuposa chothandizira chochokera kunja.
Zodetsa: Kuchokera ku deta yozindikira yankho la BDO crude kumayambiriro kwa reaction, JHG-20308 ili ndi zodetsa zochepa pang'ono mu chinthu chomalizidwa poyerekeza ndi ma catalyst ochokera kunja, makamaka zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu n-butanol ndi HBA.
Ponseponse, magwiridwe antchito a JHG-20308 catalyst ndi okhazikika, opanda zinthu zambiri zodziwika bwino, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ofanana kapena abwino kuposa a catalyst ochokera kunja.
Kupanga njira yokhazikika yopangira bedi la nickel aluminiyamu
(1) Kusungunula: Aloyi wa aluminiyamu wa nikeli amasungunuka kutentha kwambiri kenako n’kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ake.
(2) Kuphwanya: Mabuloko a alloy amaphwanyidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono kudzera mu zida zophwanya.
(3) Kuwunika: Kuwunika tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi kukula koyenera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
(4) Kuyambitsa: Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a alkali kuti kuyambitse tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu nsanja yochitira zinthu.
(5) Zizindikiro zowunikira: kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mphamvu yopondereza, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizidwa: Sep-11-2023
